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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ketendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Клиническая и экспериментальная тиреоидология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical and experimental thyroidology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-5472</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-3787</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology Research Centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/ket12740</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ketendo-12740</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Studies</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Новая инфекция SARS-Cov-2 – возможный триггер аутоиммунных заболеваний щитовидной железы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>COVID-19 and the possible development of autoimmune thyroid diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2283-8958</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колпакова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolpakova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Колпакова Евгения Александровна</p><p>117292, ул. Дмитрия Ульянова, д. 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgenia A. Kolpakova, MD</p><p>Dmitry Ulyanova street 11, 117292, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">colpakova.ev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6935-3187</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Елфимова</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Elfimova</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елфимова Алина Ринатовна</p><p>117292, ул. Дмитрия Ульянова, д. 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alina R. Elfimova</p><p>Dmitry Ulyanova street 11, 117292, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">9803005@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1120-8240</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никанкина</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikankina</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никанкина Лариса Вячеславовна, к.м.н.</p><p>117292, ул. Дмитрия Ульянова, д. 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Larisa V. Nikankina, PhD</p><p>Dmitry Ulyanova street 11, 117292, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikankina.larisa@endocrincentr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5384-9866</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дьяков</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dyakov</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дьяков Илья Николаевич, к.б.н.</p><p>117292, ул. Дмитрия Ульянова, д. 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya N. Dyakov, PhD</p><p>Dmitry Ulyanova street 11, 117292, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dyakov.ilya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4757-0751</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бушкова</surname><given-names>К. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bushkova</surname><given-names>K. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бушкова Кристина Константиновна</p><p>117292, ул. Дмитрия Ульянова, д. 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry Ulyanova street 11, 117292, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">christina_bushkova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8520-8702</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трошина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Troshina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трошина Екатерина Анатольевна, д.м.н., профессор, член-корреспондент РАН</p><p>117292, ул. Дмитрия Ульянова, д. 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Troshina, MD, PhD, professor, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p><p>Dmitry Ulyanova street 11, 117292, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">troshina@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Endocrinology Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>12</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Колпакова Е.А., Елфимова А.Р., Никанкина Л.В., Дьяков И.Н., Бушкова К.К., Трошина Е.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Колпакова Е.А., Елфимова А.Р., Никанкина Л.В., Дьяков И.Н., Бушкова К.К., Трошина Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kolpakova E.A., Elfimova A.R., Nikankina L.V., Dyakov I.N., Bushkova K.K., Troshina E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.cet-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12740">https://www.cet-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12740</self-uri><abstract><p>ОБОСНОВАНИЕ. В период продолжающейся пандемии новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19) отмечается рост заболеваемости различными аутоиммунными патологиями, в связи с чем изучение аутоиммунных расстройств, ассоциированных с COVID-19, является интригующей и актуальной проблемой мирового здравоохранения. Особое внимание к потенциальной взаимосвязи коронавирусной инфекции и аутоиммунных заболеваний (АИЗ) привлекает положительный терапевтический эффект лечения тяжелых форм COVID-19 лекарственными препаратами, используемыми в терапии ревматологических заболеваний, учитывая присутствие стойких иммунных реакций в патогенезе обоих патологических состояний.Результаты проведенного исследования могут стать отправной точкой в понимании механизмов срыва иммунологической толерантности и развития АИЗ щитовидной железы (ЩЖ) у лиц, перенесших COVID-19.ЦЕЛЬ. Оценить риски развития АИЗ ЩЖ при сравнительном анализе тиреоидного профиля (исследование уровней ТТГ, Т3св. и Т4св., АТ-ТПО, АТ-рецТТГ) в остром периоде болезни и после перенесенной COVID-19, а также исследовать влияние проводимой терапии в остром периоде коронавирусной болезни на возможное развитие АИЗ ЩЖ.МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. В данное наблюдательное, проспективное, сравнительное исследование были включены пациенты, госпитализированные в ФГБУ «НМИЦ эндокринологии» Минздрава России с клинико-лабораторной картиной COVID-19 и двусторонней полисегментарной вирусной пневмонией (n=41). Пациенты с COVID-19 были разделены на две подгруппы: 1 подгруппа представлена пациентами, которые получали терапию тоцилизумабом (n=10) в остром периоде, 2 подгруппа – симптоматическую терапию COVID-19 (n=31).Для оценки функционального статуса щитовидной железы (ЩЖ) проводилось определение тиреотропного гормона (ТТГ), свободного трийодтиронина (Т3св), свободного тироксина (Т4св), антител к тиреопероксидазе (АТ-ТПО) и антител к рецептору ТТГ (АТ-рецТТГ), оценка тиреоидного профиля проводилась как в остром периоде болезни, так и через 6 месяцев после выздоровления.Также были определены концентрации 27 сигнальных молекул в сыворотке крови с помощью технологии проточного мультиплекcного иммуноанализа с использованием набора Bio-Plex Pro Human Cytokine 27-plex Assay (каталожный номер #M500KCAF0Y) цитокинов и хемокинов, как в остром периоде болезни, так и через 6 месяцев после выздоровления: интерлейкины-1b, -1ra, -2, 4-10, -12, -13, -15, -17 (IL-1b, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL- 4-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17), эотаксин (Eotaxin), фактор роста фибробластов (FGF), гранулоцитарно-макрофагальный колониестимулирующий фактор (GMCSF), гранулоцитарный колониестимулирующий фактор (G-CSF), интерферон-гамма (IFN-g), ИФНγ-индуцируемый белок 10 (IP-10), моноцитарный хемотаксический протеин-1 (MCP-1), также известный как моноцитарный хемотаксический и активирующий фактор (MCAF), макрофагальный белок воспаления-1 (MIP-1a и -1b), фактор роста тромбоцитов BB (PDGF-bb), хемокин, экспрессируемый и секретируемый Т-клетками при активации (RANTES, от англ. Regulated on Activation Normal T-cell Expressed and Secreted), фактор некроза опухоли-альфа (TNF-a), фактор роста эндотелия сосудов (VEGF).При опросе все пациенты с COVID-19 отрицали наличие у них заболеваний ЩЖ, при пальпации ЩЖ узловые образования определялись у 5% пациентов, пациентам были даны соответствующие рекомендации.РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Манифестный гипотиреоз в исходе АИТ выявлен у 2,4% пациентов, субклинический – у 7,3% пациентов через полгода от дебюта коронавирусной инфекции, также выявлен рост АТ к ТПО через полгода после выздоровления от коронавирусной инфекции (р = 0,023 – критерий Вилкоксона). В группе пациентов с ростом АТ к ТПО после перенесенной COVID-19 получены статистически значимо высокие уровни IFN-g (р = 0,007), Eotaxin (р = 0,008), критерий Манна-Уитни). Выявлен рост АТ к рецТТГ в группе пациентов с тяжелым течением COVID-19, не получавших патогенетическую терапию тоцилизумабом в остром периоде болезни (р = 0,046 – критерий Манна-Уитни).ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Результаты нашего исследования и научные работы иностранных коллег демонстрируют потенциальные риски развития АИЗ ЩЖ после перенесенной коронавирусной инфекции. Выявлена тесная взаимосвязь изменений тиреоидного профиля и гиперактивации иммунной системы с гиперпродукцией провоспалительных интерлейкинов при COVID-19. Подтверждением данного утверждения являются выявленные манифестный и субклинический гипотиреоз в исходе АИТ, а также рост АТ к ТПО в данной группе пациентов после перенесенной коронавирусной инфекции (р = 0,023 – критерий Вилкоксона) с одновременным сохраняющимся повышением некоторых провоспалительных цитокинов в динамике, определяемых при АИЗ ЩЖ.В пользу подтверждения гипотезы о повреждении ткани ЩЖ провоспалительными цитокинами при COVID-19, а также гипотезы, предполагающей протективный эффект в отношении развития АИЗ ЩЖ при назначении патогенетической терапии рекомбинантным гуманизированным моноклональным антителом к человеческому рецептору IL-6 (тоцилизумаба) в остром периоде болезни, свидетельствуют рост АТ к рецТТГ у пациентов с тяжелым течением COVID-19, не получавших тоцилизумабом в остром периоде (р = 0,046 – критерий Манна-Уитни), и дельта снижения провоспалительных интерлейкинов у пациентов, получавших тоцилизумаб (ΔIL-7 (р = 0,039), ΔIL-8 (р = 0,006), ΔG-CSF (р = 0,046), ΔIP-10 (р = &lt;0,001), ΔMCP-1(MCAF) (р = &lt;0,001), ΔMIP-1a (р = 0,042), ΔVEGF (р = 0,039) – критерий Манна-Уитни). Результаты данного исследования демонстрируют важность настороженности клиницистов в отношении развития АИЗ ЩЖ, ассоциированных с COVID-19.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the midst of continuing coronavirus infection (COVID-19) there has been an increase in the incidence of various autoimmune pathologies. Particular attention to the potential relationship between coronavirus infection and autoimmune diseases is attracted by the positive therapeutic effect of the treatment of severe forms of COVID-19 with drugs used in the treatment of rheumatologically diseases.The results of the study should be the starting point for understanding the mechanisms of possible breakdown of immunological tolerance and the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases.AIM: To assess the risks of developing autoimmune thyroid disease after COVID-19, and to investigate the effect of therapy in the acute period on the possible development of autoimmune thyroid diseases.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective comparative study included patients hospitalized at the National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology with a clinical and laboratory analysis of COVID-19 and bilateral polysegmental viral pneumonia (n=41). Patients with COVID-19 were divided into two subgroups: a subgroup of patients who received tocilizumab therapy in acute period (n=10), the second subgroup of patients who received symptomatic therapy during the acute period COVID-19 (n=31).To assess the functional status of the thyroid gland all patients underwent observation of the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (T3f), free thyroxine (T4f), antibodies to thyroperoxidase (Ab-TPO) and antibodies to the TSH receptor (Ab-recTSH).The concentrations of 27 signaling molecules in the blood serum were assessed by the technology of multiplex flow immunoassay using the Bio-Plex Pro Human Cytokine 27-plex Assay kit of cytokines and chemokines: interleukins-1b, -1ra, -2, 4-10, -12, -13, -15, -17 (IL-1b, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL - 4-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17), Eotaxin, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), granulocyte- macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G -CSF), interferon-gamma (IFN-g), IFNγ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), also known as monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF), macrophage inflammatory protein -1 (MIP-1a and -1b), platelet growth factor BB (PDGF-bb), Regulated on Activation Normal T-cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).All patients denied the presence of thyroid diseases, palpation of the thyroid gland revealed nodular formations in 5% of patients, and appropriate recommendations were given to patients.RESULTS: The overt hypothyroidism was detected in 2.4% of patients, subclinical - in 7.3% of patients in six months after the onset of coronavirus infection, and also found increased levels of the Ab-TPO in six months after recovery (p = 0.023 - Wilcoxon test). In the group of patients with increased Ab-TPO levels after COVID-19, statistically significantly high levels of IFN-g (p = 0.007), Eotaxin (p = 0.008) were obtained. An increased Ab-recTSH were revealed in the group of patients with severe COVID-19 who did not receive pathogenetic therapy with tocilizumab in the acute period (p = 0.046 - Mann-Whitney test).CONCLUSION: The results of our study and the scientific work of foreign colleagues demonstrate the potential risks of developing autoimmune thyroid diseases after a coronavirus infection. A close relationship was found between changes in the thyroid profile and hyperactivation of the immune system with hyperproduction of pro-inflammatory interleukins in COVID-19. This statement is confirmed by the revealed overt and subclinical hypothyroidism, as well as an increase in Ab- TPO levels in this group of patients after a coronavirus infection (p = 0.023 - Wilcoxon test) with a simultaneous persistent increased levels of some pro-inflammatory cytokines in dynamics, determined by autoimmune thyroiditis.The hypothesis of thyroid tissue damage by pro-inflammatory cytokines during COVID-19, as well as the hypothesis suggesting a protective effect on the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases by therapy with tocilizumab in the acute period were confirmed by increased levels of Ab-recTSH in patients with severe COVID-19 who did not receive tocilizumab in the acute period (p = 0.046 - Mann-Whitney test).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>цитокиновый шторм</kwd><kwd>коронавирусная инфекция</kwd><kwd>аутоиммунные заболевания щитовидной железы</kwd><kwd>тиреотоксикоз</kwd><kwd>диффузный токсический зоб</kwd><kwd>аутоиммунный тиреоидит</kwd><kwd>гипотиреоз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>cytokine storm</kwd><kwd>coronavirus infection</kwd><kwd>autoimmune thyroid disease</kwd><kwd>thyrotoxicosis</kwd><kwd>autoimmune thyroiditis</kwd><kwd>hypothyroidism</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Выполнен при финансовой поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда «Научное обоснование, разработка и внедрение новых технологий диагностики коморбидных йододефицитных и аутоиммунных заболеваний щитовидной железы, в том числе с использованием возможностей искусственного интеллекта.», № 22-15-00135.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">E. 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