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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ketendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Клиническая и экспериментальная тиреоидология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical and experimental thyroidology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-5472</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-3787</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology Research Centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/ket12779</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ketendo-12779</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Studies</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Основные принципы ведения пациентов с болезнью Грейвса в клинической практике</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The main principles of managing patients with Graves’ disease in clinical practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1809-7977</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пешева</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pesheva</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пешева Екатерина Дмитриевна, ассистент кафедры эндокринологии </p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57996879400</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina D. Pesheva</p><p>Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57996879400</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ekaterinapesheva.endo@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0504-972X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хрулева</surname><given-names>Ю. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khruleva</surname><given-names>Yu. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хрулева Юлия Игоревна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia I. Khruleva</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hruleva1994@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3104-3412</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Деунежева</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Deunezhewa</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Деунежева Салима Мухарбековна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Salima M. Deunezhewa</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">deunezhewa.salima@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8620-1074</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Еникеева</surname><given-names>К. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Enikeeva</surname><given-names>K. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Еникеева Кристина Рафаэлевна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kristina R. Enikeeva</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kristinenikeeva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0178-8255</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мухамбет</surname><given-names>Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukhambet</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мухамбет Диана</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Diana Mukhambet</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">diana_muxambet@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1500-1586</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Моргунова</surname><given-names>Т. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morgunova</surname><given-names>T. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Моргунова Татьяна Борисовна, к.м.н.</p><p>Москва</p><p>ResearcherID: E-2312-2018</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana B. Morgunova, MD, Ph</p><p>Moscow</p><p>ResearcherID: E-2312-2018</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tanmorgun@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3026-6315</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фадеев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fadeev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фадеев Валентин Викторович, д.м.н., профессор, член-корр. РАН</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentin V. Fadeev, MD, PhD, Professor</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">walfad@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый МГМУ имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>29</fpage><lpage>38</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пешева Е.Д., Хрулева Ю.И., Деунежева С.М., Еникеева К.Р., Мухамбет Д., Моргунова Т.Б., Фадеев В.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пешева Е.Д., Хрулева Ю.И., Деунежева С.М., Еникеева К.Р., Мухамбет Д., Моргунова Т.Б., Фадеев В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pesheva E.D., Khruleva Y.I., Deunezhewa S.M., Enikeeva K.R., Mukhambet D., Morgunova T.B., Fadeev V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.cet-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12779">https://www.cet-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12779</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ОБОСНОВАНИЕ</title><p>ОБОСНОВАНИЕ. Болезнь Грейвса (БГ) — частая причина стойкого тиреотоксикоза. В регионах с достаточным уровнем йода заболеваемость составляет 20–30 случаев на 100 000 человек. Современное лечение БГ включает назначение тиреостатических препаратов, терапию радиоактивным йодом (РЙТ) и тиреоидэктомию. Выбор тактики ведения пациента основывается на тяжести тиреотоксикоза, частоте побочных эффектов, доступности лечения и вероятности развития стойкой ремиссии. Предыдущие исследования показали различия в подходах к диагностике, лечению и последующему наблюдению между странами и специалистами.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Провести анкетирование о текущей клинической практике лечения болезни Грейвса в России.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. В 2022–2023 гг. было проведено онлайн-анкетирование среди врачей. Вопросы охватывали принципы диагностики, лечения и динамического наблюдения взрослых пациентов с болезнью Грейвса.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. В исследовании приняли участие 104 врача различных специальностей, которые лечат пациентов с болезнью Грейвса. Примерно 99% респондентов для уточнения этиологии тиреотоксикоза выбрали определение уровня антител к рецептору ТТГ (АТ-рТТГ), в то время как только 60,6% из них выбрали сцинтиграфию щитовидной железы. В качестве метода лечения 1-й линии была выбрана тиреостатическая терапия — 88,5%, РЙТ используют 13,5% врачей, менее 1% респондентов направляют на тиреоидэктомию. Наиболее часто применяется тиамазол (99%), к использованию пропилтиоурацила (ПТУ) прибегают при аллергии на тиамазол или в I триместре беременности. Предпочтительна схема «блокируй» по сравнению со схемой «блокируй-замещай»: 72,1% против 28,8% соответственно. Большинство врачей (95,2%) инициируют терапию с умеренных доз тиамазола (20–30 мг) и ПТУ (200–300 мг). Большая часть проводит динамический контроль уровня печеночных трансаминаз (57,7%) и общего анализа крови (78,8%). Консервативная терапия назначается сроком на 12–18 месяцев — 88,5%, до 24-х месяцев — 10,6%. Перед отменой тиреостатической терапии 89,4% респондентов контролируют уровень тиреоидных гормонов, 82,7% респондентов АТ-рТТГ и 47,1% проводят УЗИ щитовидной железы. Повторные курсы консервативной терапии назначают до 61,5%  респондентов. Около 63,5% опрошенных врачей заявили о сложностях с направлением на радикальное лечение в связи ограниченным количеством специализированных учреждений. При этом врачи ответили, что основными сдерживающими факторами в направлении на РЙТ являются нежелание пациента и необходимость отложить беременность (81,6 и 24,3% соответственно); тиреоидэктомия ассоциирована с нежеланием пациента (69,2%), а также опасениемврачей развития пареза гортани (48,1%) и послеоперационного гипопаратиреоза (49%).</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Результаты проведенного исследования продемонстрировали, что в своей практике врачи, как правило, следуют международным рекомендациям по лечению болезни Грейвса.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>BACKGROUND</title><p>BACKGROUND: Graves’ disease (GD) is a common cause of persistent thyrotoxicosis. In regions with adequate iodine intake, the incidence is 20–30 cases per 100,000 people. Modern treatment of GD includes antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine therapy (RAI), and thyroidectomy. The choice of treatment strategy is based on the severity of thyrotoxicosis, the frequency of potential side effects, the availability of treatment options, and the likelihood of achieving sustained remission. Previous studies have demonstrated differences in approaches to diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up between countries and individual specialists.</p></sec><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM: To conduct a survey on the current clinical practice of treating Graves’ disease in Russia.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS: An online survey was conducted among physicians in 2022-2023. The questions covered the principles of diagnosis, treatment, and dynamic observation of adult patients with Graves’ disease.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS: The study involved 104 physicians of various specialties who treat patients with Graves’ disease. Approximately 99% of respondents chose the determination of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibodies (TSHR-ab) to clarify the etiology of thyrotoxicosis, while only 60.6% of them chose thyroid scintigraphy. As the first-line treatment method, antithyroid drug therapy is chosen by 88.5%, while 13.5% of physicians use radioactive iodine therapy (RAI), and less than 1% of respondents refer patients to thyroidectomy. Thiamazole is most commonly used (99%), while propylthiouracil (PTU) is used in cases of allergy to thiamazole or during the first trimester of pregnancy. The «block-replace» scheme is preferred over the  «block» scheme, with 72.1% compared to 28.8%, respectively. The majority of physicians (95.2%) initiate therapy with moderate doses of thiamazole (20–30 mg) and PTU (200–300 mg). Most physicians conduct dynamic monitoring of liver transaminase levels (57.7%) and complete blood count (78.8%). Conservative therapy is prescribed for a period of 12–18 months (88.5%) or up to 24 months (10.6%). Before discontinuing antithyroid drug therapy, 89.4% of respondents monitor thyroid hormone levels, 82.7% monitor TSHR-Ab levels, and 47.1% perform thyroid ultrasound. Repeat courses of conservative therapy are prescribed for up to 61.5% of respondents. Approximately 63.5% of surveyed physicians reported difficulties in referring patients for radical treatment due to a limited number of specialized institutions. Physicians cited patient unwillingness and the need to postpone pregnancy (81.6% and 24.3% respectively) as the main inhibitory factors for RAI. Thyroidectomy was associated with patient unwillingness (69.2%), as well as physician fear of laryngeal paralysis (48.1%) and postoperative hypoparathyroidism (49%).</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION: The results of the study demonstrated that physicians in their practice generally adhere to international recommendations for the treatment of Graves’ disease.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>болезнь Грейвса</kwd><kwd>консервативная терапия</kwd><kwd>терапия радиоактивным йодом</kwd><kwd>тиреоидэктомия</kwd><kwd>отдаленные исходы лечения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Graves’ disease</kwd><kwd>conservative therapy</kwd><kwd>radioiodine therapy</kwd><kwd>thyroidectomy</kwd><kwd>long-term treatment outcomes</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ross DS, Burch HB, Cooper DS, et al. 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