ketendoКлиническая и экспериментальная тиреоидологияClinical and experimental thyroidology1995-54722310-3787Endocrinology Research Centre10.14341/ket12781ketendo-12781Research ArticleНаучный обзорReviewАутоиммунный тиреоидит — что нового?Autoimmune thyroiditis — what is new?https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9963-6783КазаковаМ. П.KazakovaM. P.

Казакова Мария Петровна

Москва

Maria P. Kazakova, MD

Moscow

impdoctorx@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-7695-6182ЦкаеваА. А.TskaevaA. A.

Цкаева Алла Асланбековна

Москва

Alla A. Tskaeva, MD

Moscow

AllaTskaeva@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2283-8958СтаростинаЕ. А.StarostinaE. A.

Старостина Евгения Александровна, к.м.н.

Москва

Evgenia A. Starostina, MD, PhD

Moscow

colpakova.ev@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8520-8702ТрошинаЕ. А.TroshinaE. A.

Трошина Екатерина Анатольевна, д.м.н., профессор, член-корр. РАН

Москва

Ekaterina A. Troshina, MD, PhD, Professor

Moscow

troshina@inbox.ruНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологииРоссияEndocrinology Research CentreRussian Federation202311062024194412Copyright © Казакова М.П., Цкаева А.А., Старостина Е.А., Трошина Е.А., 20242024Казакова М.П., Цкаева А.А., Старостина Е.А., Трошина Е.А.Kazakova M.P., Tskaeva A.A., Starostina E.A., Troshina E.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.cet-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12781

В последнее время наблюдается устойчивый рост распространенности аутоиммунных заболеваний среди населения, что представляет собой значимую проблему в области здравоохранения. Одной из наиболее распространенных аутоиммунных патологий является аутоиммунный тиреоидит (АИТ). В свете отсутствия прогностических маркеров для предсказания исходов АИТ, таких как развитие гипотиреоза, возрастает необходимость в проведении молекулярно-генетических исследований аутоиммунных изменений, возникающих в рамках данного заболевания. Эти исследования могут способствовать разработке новых диагностических методов и выявлению ключевых аспектов патогенеза, воздействие на которые помогло бы предотвратить развитие аутоиммунного процесса. Одно из направлений таких исследований — анализ влияния факторов окружающей среды на течение аутоиммунного процесса. Исследование взаимосвязей между факторами и этапами патогенеза АИТ может предложить методы модификации этих факторов с целью профилактики прогрессирования заболевания. Изучение коморбидности аутоиммунных заболеваний, взаимосвязей патологий щитовидной железы (ЩЖ) разной этиологии способствует выделению групп высокого риска для последующего скрининга и раннего выявления. Таким образом, изучение молекулярно-биологической основы развития АИТ создает основу для разработки эффективных стратегий в профилактике, диагностике и терапии, направленных на улучшение качества жизни пациентов.

Recently, the prevalence of autoimmune diseases has been steadily increasing among the population, posing a significant problem for healthcare. One of the most common autoimmune pathologies is autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). Due to the absence of prognostic markers to predict outcomes of AIT, such as the development of hypothyroidism, there is an increasing necessity for molecular-genetic research into the autoimmune changes occurring within this disease. This research is likely to contribute to the development of new diagnostic methods and the identification of key aspects of pathogenesis, thereby preventing the development of the autoimmune process. One area of research includes analyzing the impact of environmental factors on the autoimmune process. Investigating the relationships between factors and stages of AIT pathogenesis can form the basis for methods aimed at modifying these factors to prevent disease progression. Studying the comorbidity of autoimmune diseases and the relationships between various thyroid pathologies of different etiologies, helps identify high-risk groups for subsequent screening and early detection. Thus, exploring the molecular-biological basis of AIT development lays the foundation for developing effective strategies in prevention, diagnosis, and therapy, aimed at improving the quality of life of patients.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.