ketendoКлиническая и экспериментальная тиреоидологияClinical and experimental thyroidology1995-54722310-3787Endocrinology Research Centre10.14341/ket12823ketendo-12823Research ArticleНаучный обзорReviewОбзор регулирования и практики использования йодсодержащих добавок в странах Восточной/Центральной Европы и Центральной Азии.Review of regulation and practice of use of iodine supplements in countries of Eastern/Central Europe and Central Asiahttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5347-1007ЦурканЛ.TurcanL.

Цуркан Лилия

4392 Иннес Роул, Оттава, Онтарио, K4A 3W3

Lilia Turcan, MD, MPH

4392 Innes Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K4A 3W3

lturcan@gwmail.gwu.eduГерасимовГ. А.GerasimovG. A.

Герасимов Григорий Анатольевич, д.м.н., профессор

4392 Иннес Роул, Оттава, Онтарио, K4A 3W3

 

Gregory A. Gerasimov, MD, PhD, professor

4392 Innes Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K4A 3W3

gerasimovg@inbox.ruМеждународная неправительственная организация «Глобальная сеть по йоду»КанадаInternational NGO “Iodine Global Network” (IGN)Canada2025040920252111522Copyright © Цуркан Л., Герасимов Г.А., 20252025Цуркан Л., Герасимов Г.А.Turcan L., Gerasimov G.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.cet-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12823

Настоящий обзор посвящен вопросам регулирования и практики использования йодных добавок (ЙД) в странах Восточной/Центральной Европы и Центральной Азии (ВЦЕ-ЦА) на основании новых сведений о преимуществах и недостатках использования ЙД в зависимости от ситуации с йодированием соли. Информация об использовании ЙД анализировалась для групп населения, особенно уязвимых к недостаточности йода: беременных и кормящих женщин, младенцев в возрасте от 6 до 36 месяцев, а также детей дошкольного и школьного возрастов. Процесс подготовки обзора включал несколько повторных циклов поиска информации с помощью базы данных PubMed и других источников. В анализ были включены статьи открытого доступа, опубликованные на английском, русском и румынском языках за последние 10–15 лет. Анализ доступных источников информации показал, что в девяти странах ВЦЕ-ЦА были приняты официальные рекомендации по использованию ЙД у разных групп населения, обычно — беременных и кормящих женщин. При этом в пяти из них медианная концентрация йода в моче (КЙМ) у беременных женщин была ниже оптимальной (150 мкг/л). Опыт стран региона ВЦЕ-ЦА показывает, что обязательное йодирование соли обеспечивает достаточное потребление йода для всех групп населения. Дальнейшие усилия следует направить на повышение использования йодированной соли с целью охватить более 90% домохозяйств и расширение использования йодированной соли в пищевой промышленности. Вместе с тем ЙД могут по-прежнему быть необходимы для лиц, подверженных риску дефицита йода, вызванного особенностями питания и образа жизни (веганство/вегетарианство и другие ограничительные диеты). Такое целевое назначение ЙД может потребовать разработки официальных руководств для оценки эффективности такого подхода и методов контроля за его внедрением.

This review focuses on the regulation and practice of iodine supplementation (IS) use with a focus on Eastern/Central European and Central Asian (ECE-CA) countries, based on new evidence on the benefits and harms of IS use depending on the salt iodization status. Information on IS use was analyzed for population groups particularly vulnerable to iodine deficiency: pregnant and lactating women, infants aged 6–36 months, and preschool and school-age children. The review preparation process included several repeated searches using PubMed and other sources. Open access articles published in English, Russian, and Romanian over the past 10–15 years were included in the analysis. Analysis of available sources showed that 9 ECE-CA countries had official recommendations on IS use in different population groups, usually pregnant and lactating women. However, in 5 of them, the median urinary iodine concentration in pregnant women was below the optimal level (150 μg/L). Experience in the ECE-CA region shows that mandatory salt iodization ensures adequate iodine intake for all population groups. Further efforts should be aimed at increasing the use of iodized salt to cover more than 90% of households and expanding the use of iodized salt in food production. However, IS may still be necessary for individuals at risk of iodine deficiency due to dietary and lifestyle factors (vegan/vegetarian and other restrictive diets). Such targeted use of IS requires the development of official guidelines to assess the effectiveness of this approach and methods for monitoring its implementation.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.