The role of zinc in the synthesis and metabolism of thyroid hormones
https://doi.org/10.14341/ket12697
Abstract
About one third of the world’s population is deficient in one or more micronutrients, with the most common deficiencies in iodine, iron, zinc, vitamin A and folate. Deficiency of one or more essential vitamins and minerals is usually the result of poor nutrition and / or insufficient absorption of micronutrients as a result of infectious and inflammatory diseases. It is possible that the deficiency of certain trace elements, in turn, can aggravate iodine deficiency and contribute to dysfunction of the thyroid gland. There are assumptions about the relationship between the content of iodine, selenium, iron, zinc in the human body and the level of thyroid hormones. Zinc is a vital trace element for all living organisms, participating in many biochemical processes in cells, including cell differentiation and division, its growth, cell transport, transcription, protein synthesis, RNA and DNA synthesis, and DNA replication. Its role as an antioxidant and participation in the functioning of both innate (T, NK and NKT cells) and adaptive immunity (anti-inflammatory cytokines) are very important. This review will consider the role of zinc in the synthesis and metabolism of thyroid hormones.
About the Authors
Evgeniya S. Senyushkina
Endocrinology Research Centre
Russian Federation
Competing Interests:
Russian Federation
MD; eLibrary SPIN: 4250-5123.
11 Dm. Ulyanova street, 117036 Moscow
Competing Interests:
not
Ekaterina А. Troshina
Endocrinology Research Centre
Russian Federation
Competing Interests:
Russian Federation
MD, PhD, Professor; eLibrary SPIN: 8821-8990
11 Dm. Ulyanova street, 117036 Moscow
Competing Interests:
not
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Supplementary files
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1. Fig. 1. Simplified pathways for the cellular distribution of zinc ions (Zn2 +), compartmentalization and signaling. (1) Extracellular signals generate reactive particles (NO, peroxide) that react with the zinc / thiolate (Zn / S) in metallothioneins (MT) and release zinc ions (Zn2 +) as effectors of cellular targets. (2) Extracellular signals also stimulate the Zip7 zinc transporter at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane and increase the pool of cellular zinc ions (Zn2 +). Zinc ions (Zn2 +) are transported into the ER (3) or the Golgi apparatus, which form exovesicles (4) for extracellular targets or vesicles that are separated from the plasma membrane with the formation of extracellular matrix vesicles (5) [4]. | |
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2. Fig. 2. Expression of ZnT8 protein in thyroid follicular cells and C-cells. Magn 400. (adapted from Bossowski A, Stożek K, Rydzewska M, et al. Expression of zinc transporter 8 in thyroid tissues from patients with immune and non immune thyroid diseases. Autoimmunity. 2020 Nov; 53 (7): 376-384. doi: 10.1080 / 08916934.2020.1815194). | |
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Review
For citations:
Senyushkina E.S., Troshina E.А. The role of zinc in the synthesis and metabolism of thyroid hormones. Clinical and experimental thyroidology. 2020;16(3):25-30. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.14341/ket12697
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