Потенциальные белковые маркеры для дифференциальной диагностики новообразований щитовидной железы

Опухоли щитовидной железы (ЩЖ) чрезвычайно распространены. Заболеваемость злокачественными новообразованиями ЩЖ быстро возросла за последние десятилетия, хотя неясно, является ли это истинным увеличением или результатом широкого использования скринингового ультразвукового исследования. Стандартизированной диагностической манипуляцией, определяющей риск злокачественного потенциала и показания для оперативного лечения образований ЩЖ, является тонкоигольная аспирационная биопсия (ТАБ) с последующим цитологическим исследованием клеточного аспирата. Несмотря на то, что в превалирующем проценте случаев удается провести дифференциальную диагностику между раком щитовидной железы (РЩЖ) и доброкачественным образованиями ЩЖ, существует проблема диагностики при промежуточных категориях цитологических заключений по Bethesda, что обусловливает необходимость поиска альтернативных решений. Это определяет потребность в расширении предоперационных диагностических возможностях. Одним из ключевых направлений работы по ее реализации является изучение протеомных данных при различных патологиях ЩЖ. Изучение протеома опухолей ЩЖ открывает возможность выявления специфических белковых маркеров или механизмов, которые играют ключевую роль в онкогенезе, метастазировании опухолей ЩЖ, а также определения потенциальных мишеней для новых методов диагностики и лечения этих заболеваний. Все вышеизложенное определяет актуальность и практическую значимость изучения патологии ЩЖ на молекулярном уровне, рассмотрения потенциала белков как маркеров.

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