Тиреогастральный синдром: современный взгляд на проблему

Термин «тиреогастральный синдром» впервые был предложен в начале 1960-х гг. для отражения патогенетической взаимосвязи аутоиммунного тиреоидита и хронического аутоиммунного гастрита. Позднее данная ассоциация рассматривалась в рамках аутоиммунного полигландулярного синдрома 3В типа, где аутоиммунный тиреоидит является обязательным компонентом. Согласно накопленным данным, среди пациентов с верифицированным аутоиммунным тиреоидитом распространенность аутоиммунного гастрита составляет около 13%. Патогенез обоих этих заболеваний определяется взаимодействием генетических, эмбриологических, иммунологических и экологических факторов. Важно отметить, что подобные параллели позволяют лучше понять механизмы аутоиммунных заболеваний и их взаимосвязь. Хронический аутоиммунный гастрит характеризуется частичным или полным исчезновением париетальных клеток желудка, что приводит к нарушению выработки соляной кислоты и внутреннего фактора Кастла. Следствиями этого повреждения могут быть железодефицитная анемия, пернициозная анемия, прогрессирование поражения слизистой оболочки до тяжелой атрофии желудка. Данный обзор посвящен ассоциации двух вышеупомянутых аутоиммунных заболеваний.

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