The review devotes to medicosocial aspects of the compensation in patients with primary hypothyroidism. Actual principals of the hormone replacement therapy, reasons for chronic decompensation and methods of compliance increasing are discussed. Also the authors pay attention to the questions of quality of life and well-being in patient's groups with compensated hypothyroidism.

21 patients with Graves’ disease and Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) received radioiodine treatment (RIT). Before 131-I therapy in all patients GO were non-active and no severe. Six patients not received any treatment before RIT; four patients received orbital radiotherapy and 11 patients received intravenous glucocorticoids. Thyreotoxicosis compensation were achieved by antithyroid medication before RIT. Antithyroid medication was stopped 10 days before RIT. Worsening of GO was seen on 47.7% patients 3 months after RIT, but only 9.5% of patients needed additional treatment GO. GO exacerbation take place in 90% of hypothyroid patients and its compensation reduced the symptoms of activity of GO for 3 months. 42.8% was without any symptoms of activity of GO by 9—12 months after RIT. Treatment of GO before RIT were improved the course of GO after RIT.

This study was to define efficacy and safety of method percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) in the treatment of thyroid cystic nodules of 20 girls and 1 boy at the age of 12—17. In 19 cases PEI was performed with purpose of elimination of cosmetic problems, and in 2 cases among them (nodule volume 31.7 and 44.1 ml) it was done also for liquidation of neck compression. 4 months later after doing the procedure, the volume of nodules in the group of children, which had been studied, decreased on an average 95.5%, and after 12.6—41.3 months of medical observation it kept the same level of volume. In one case a transient paresis n. recurrence was fixed. It retrogressed after 2 weeks spontaneously. The high efficacy PEI among children and adolescents was established, which didn’t depend on the sizes of the nodules and combination of levothyroxine suppressive therapy. It didn’t depend on the facts, which were connected with methodology of procedure either. The efficacy PEI was higher with cystic component, taking more than a half of the volume of nodule.

Purpose: to study features of a functional condition of thyroid gland in the perimenopausal period at the women in iodine deficient region. Material and methods. Population study of 512 women in the age of 45—55 years chosen by a casual way on a database of obligatory medical insurance of Ekaterinburg. The inspection included definition thyroid stimulating hormone, autoantibodies to thyroperoxidase, ultrasonic research of thyroid gland. Three groups are allocated: premenopause (n = 282); natural menopause till 2 years (n = 94); natural menopause more than 2 years (n = 90). Results. The disfunction of thyroid gland revealed at 19.5% (100/512) perimenopausal women. The most often infringement was hypothyroidism — 16.7% (86/512). Its reasons were autoimmune thyroiditis — 86.0% (74/86) and surgical intervention on thyroid gland — 14.0% (12/86). The frequency of hypothyroidism was higher in 1,9 times (р = 0.03) per first two years of menopause, and was higher in 1,6 times (р > 0.05) the next years, than in premenopause. Hyperthyroidism met more often per first two years of menopause (р > 0.05). Autoimmune thyroid pathology per first two years was at 25.5% (24/94) women, that in 1,9 times is more often (р = 0.03), than in premenopause — 13.5% (38/282), and in 1.6 times are more often (Р > 0.05), than in menopause more than 2 years — 15.6% (14/90). Conclusions. During perimenopause most of all functional thyroid disorders revealed per the first two years of menopause. These infringements frequently have autoimmune nature. These changes can be temporary and require the observation in dynamics. Key words: thyroid gland, hypothyroidism, menopause.

The results of implementation governmental strategy of the iodine deficiency diseases elimination in the Belarus Republic based on the wide using of iodinated salt is presented. For the control of this program fulfillment more than 1300 children from 6 districts of Republic were examined. Middle Republic level of median of the urine iodine elimination for the period of the program realization has increased in more than 4 times and was equal to 179.2 ug/l and iodine deficiency decreased from 80.9 per cent in 1997 to 14.0 per cent in 2006. Consumption of iodinated salt has increased from 30.0 per cent in 1997 to 93.6 per cent in 2006. As the result the goiter rate in Belarus decreased from 17.2 per cent to 12.8 per cent. These results allow getting conclusion concerning efficiency of the strategy of using the iodinated salt recommended by the UNICEF as universal prophylaxis measure for the iodine deficiency diseases elimination.