Современное представление о диагностике, лечении и предикторах прогрессии папиллярной микрокарциномы щитовидной железы

Папиллярная микрокарцинома щитовидной железы (ПМЩЖ) является наиболее распространенным видом злокачественных новообразований щитовидной железы (ЩЖ), характеризуется малым размером и как правило благоприятным прогнозом. Увеличение частоты выявляемости ПМЩЖ связано с совершенствованием высокоточных методов диагностики, таких как ультразвуковое исследование (УЗИ) и тонкоигольная аспирационная биопсия (ТАБ). Диагностические подходы включают использование системы EU-TIRADS и Bethesda для оценки риска, а также анализ молекулярных маркеров, таких как мутации в генах BRAF и перспективные исследования роли микроРНК в прогнозировании опухолевой прогрессии. Оптимальное ведение пациентов с ПМЩЖ требует индивидуализации терапевтических стратегий, ввиду различий в прогрессии заболевания. В статье проанализированы современные методы диагностики и лечения ПМЩЖ, включая использование молекулярно-генетических маркеров, минимально инвазивных технологий и стратегии активного наблюдения, с акцентом на индивидуальный подход к прогнозированию и терапии заболевания.

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