Modern concepts about idine intake for pregnant and lacting women (by the example of regional studies)

Abstract

The aim of this study was to offer the optimal levels of daily iodine intake during pregnancy and lactation. One-stage epidemiological survey was carried on in two cities: Nizhny Novgorod (n = 220) and Smolensk (n = 119). The pregnant women were divided into two groups: Group 1 (n = 161) – KI (200 micrograms/day) and Group 2 (n = 178) – KI (300 micrograms/day). Reearch methods included: ultrasound examination of a thyroid, urinary iodine concentration (UIC) measuring, analysis of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxin (fT4), thyroperoxidase autoantibody (AT-TPO). After 3 months of iodine prophylaxis during pregnancy the median UIC increased to 259,6 (pNN = 0.00) and 120,8 µg/l (pSm = 0.00) in the 2nd group, and in the 1st group the iodine excretion in urine has compounded 96.9 (pNN = 0.00) and 83.5 µg/l (pSm = 0.00). In Nizhny Novgorod during lactation there was an insufficient concentration of iodide in urine in group 1 and in group 2 there were normal indexes of a median urinary iodine – 88.6 and 123.2 µg/l accordingly (p = 0.00). In Smolensk the median UIC was dropped, however in 1st group it was statistically significant (p = 0.03), median urinary iodine was 41.1 and 70.3 µg/l in groups 1st and 2nd accordingly (p = 0.04). The median UIC >100 µg/l has been noted at 10.5% of women in the 2nd group, and in the 1st group of patients by sufficient UIC has not been detected. Consequently, the median level of urinary iodine indicate optimal iodine nutrition during pregnancy and lactation and the requirement of iodine is at least 300 µg/day.