Neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) has proved its efficacy as a method of early diagnostics of the disorder. It helps to start treatment on time and prevent disability. The estimation of arrangement and efficacy of neonatal screening for CH in the scale of a region proved to be actual and determined the purpose of the research. Neonatal screening for CH in the Udmurt Republic (UR) has been carried out since 1995. By the beginning of 2011 twenty two thousand four hundred and ninety one children have been examined. The disease was revealed and confirmed in 63 newborns. The incidence of CH is 1:3532 neonates. Before 2005 only 64,3% of neonates underwent screening procedure, while since 2005 – 99,0% of them. From 1995 till 2004 (the first stage) seven cases of late (retarded) diagnostics of the CH were registered while since 2005 the diagnosis of CH has been made basing on the findings of screening in all cases. Nowadays general temporal characteristics of screening, the average terms of beginning the treatment for CH in the Udmurt Republic correspond to required indices. Seventy one patients with CH were included into the republican register. Prevalence of the disease made 22,9 per 100 000 children from 0 to17 years. Stable clinico-metabolic compensation was reached in 75% of patients. Physical, neuro(psychic and sexual development of them, as well as the indices of thyroid function corresponded to the age norms. In the majority of cases diagnosis was made according to the data of neonatal screening, which allowed to reach more optimal indices of medico(social adaptation in comparison with those patients whose diagnosis was made basing on clinical symptomatology and the treatment was taken up much later.

There was investigated the relationship between the clinical features of the diplopia in patients with the Graves’ orbitopathy and the specific signs of the orbit obtained by the multi-slice CT scanning in the study. The results of the study could improve the diagnosis of the Graves’ orbitopathy and evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment. Eighty five patients (170 eyes) of ages from 24 till 73 years were included in the study. The ophthalmological examination and multi-slice CT scanning of the orbit were performed in all cases. The activity and severity of the Graves’ orbitopathy were assessed according to EUGOGO clinical activity score. The severity of the diplopia was graduated subjectively using the clinical assessment technique described previously (Nagy E.V. et al., 2000). It was found that the severity of the diplopia was significanty higher during the active phase of the disease and correlated with the muscular index (p = 0,0320, r = 0,294589), the extraocular muscle enlargement (p = 0,0118) and the retrobulbar tissue density (p = 0,0335, r = 0,336906). The diplopia was associated with enhancement of the retrobulbar tissue density and the extraocular muscle density in the inactive phase of the disease. There wasn’t the correlation between the severity of the diplopia and the extraocular muscle enlargement in the inactive phase of the disease. There was established the relationship between the clinical features of the diplopia and the signs obtained by the multi-slice CT scanning of the orbit. These results are extremely important for the detection the causes of the diplopia, the treatment selection and the estimation the prognosis.

The problem of a pathology of a thyroid gland at rheumatic diseases, in particular at rheumatoid arthritis, remains actual and to this day. The work purpose was studying antitelogenesis to thyroid hormones at patients with mixt autoimmune pathology. In whey of blood of patients with RA and autothyroid pathology are found out antibodies (AB) to Т3 and Т4, their concentration correlates with activity of pathological process. It is shown, that level AB to Т3 and Т4 authentically differs from the maintenance of the given antibodies in whey of blood of healthy faces. Level of antibodies to thyroid hormones can be considered as the criterion predicting development of pathology of a thyroid gland at patients with RA.

Psychoimmunomodulating action of Phenibut has been shown on the model of experimental hyperthyroidism. It has been found that the drug (intra-abdominal injection in the dose 25 mg/kg) is able to restore humoral immunoreactivity and liquidate disturbances of the behaviour reactions appearing in the result of induced pathology as well.

The article represents results of a survey among Russian endocrinologists concerning treatment of non-toxic goiter, post-operative hypothyroidism and safety of iodine preparations.