Problem of iodine insufficiency is still actual as well as 75% of Russian population is living in the area of mild iodine deficiency. To compare iodine supplementation of Saint-Petersburg population in 1999 and 2010. We examined 704 schoolchildren (420 girls and 284 boys) from 6 up to 11 years old, living in Saint-Petersburg. We had took day samples of urine (50 ml) for measuring of iodineurea by well known reaction of Sandell-Kolthoff. All children were examined by endocrinologist, palpation of thyroid gland was performed for revealing of enlargement and nodules. Such examination was made in 1999 and 2010 years. Study which was performed in Saint-Petersburg in 1999 has not revealed severe iodine deficiency and iodineuria mediana was 105 μg/l but nearly half of examined children had iodineuria less than 100 μg/l as mild iodine deficiency. In 2010 iodineuria mediana was 148 μg/l and it was significantly higher than in 1999. In 2010 samples with iodineuria less than 100 μg/l were revealed three times rare (in15.8% of cases) than in 1999 (49%). Goiter by palpation was found in 3% of schoolchildren in 1999 and in 1.6% in 2010. It was shown that during last ten years iodine supplementation in Saint-Petersburg was significantly improved.

The aim of the study was to estimate a level of thyrotropin-receptor antibodies (TRAb), some cytokines (TNF-α, IL-8, IL-10) in Graves' disease patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and to reveal prognostic factors of CHF.89 patients with Graves' disease were investigated, chronic heart failure was diagnosed in 46 (51.7%) cases, from them 1 stage – in 27 (58.7%) patients, 2А – in 17 (37.0%) and 2b – in 2 (4.3%) patients. However, the tachycardia, a dyspnea and other symptoms at СHF 1 stages could be eхplained by CHF as well as by Graves' disease, therefore the firs group was composed from 19 (21.3%) patients with Graves' disease and CHF 2А and 2b. Second group – 43 patients with Graves' disease without any signs of CHF. The control group (3 group) was conducted from 30 healthy persons. It was revealed, that the most important risk factors of CHF in patients with Graves' disease are: presence of constant form atrial fibrillation and arterial hypertension, age older than 40 years, male sex, duration of Graves' disease 10 years and more, 6 and more episodes of thyrotoxicosis. There wasn't any correlation between the level of TRAb and the risk of CHF in Graves' disease. We found an imbalance of cytokines system in comparison with control group, prevalence of “proinflammatory activation”, however statistically significant interrelations between IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α levels in different groups of patients with Graves disease was not found.

Presented are the data of the application of miniinvasive bio-impedanciometry of local benign thyroid nodules (n = 80). The paper includes a comparative evaluation of bio-impedance indeces in subgroups with various morphological structure of the thyriod nodules.

The aim of the present research was to study the influence of lipid tissue hormones on the mechanisms of insulin resistance development and rates of lipid metabolism in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) aged over 50 years, depending on the body mass index (BMI), as well as the presence or absence of the levothyroxin (L-T4) replacement therapy. In patients with SH there were revealed disturbances of lipid metabolism which were manifested by low concentration of HDL-C, as well as the reduction in insulin sensitivity (an increase in the insulin level in normoglycemia and elevation of HOMA-IR rates). The analyses of lipid tissue hormones levels in studied groups showed an increase in adiponectin level within the reference values range, but they significantly differed from those of the controls. The values of leptin and resistin in the studied groups did not show significant difference from those of the healthy persons of the corresponding age, sex, and BMI. A correlation analysis of the values of lipid tissue hormones, TSH, lipid spectrum, insulin, glucose, and HOMA-IR was carried out. The results obtained were analyzed by two main points: the replacement therapy and BMI. The analyses of the results in accordance with BMI revealed that in patients with the normal body mass (BMI<24.9 kg/m2) the adiponectin rate was higher against the background of the lipid metabolism disturbance. In patients with the excessive body mass (BMI>25–29.9 kg/m2) the values of insulin and HOMA-IR increased, the disturbance of lipid metabolism aggravated, and adiponectin concentration decreased. The L-T4 replacement therapy was effective and resulted in the normalization of the rates of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, adiponectin, and leptin. However the comparison of the results obtained in the groups with compensated and noncompensated SH shows that after 6 months significant differences were revealed only in the levels of adiponectin, resistin, and insulin.

To establish the relation of body weight indexes and functional state of thyroid in female adolescents with menstrual cycle disorder, living in the iodine-deficiency region, the investigation was conducted in 130 female adolescents with irregular menses. Obesity incidence and overweight in them was 18.5%, body weight deficiency was 43.8%.37.7% of the girls had normal body weight. Statistically significant differences were not defined according to TSH, fT4 and fT3 in patients with different body weight indexes. So, the results of investigation can help to come to the conclusion about the absence of true correlation between body weight and functional thyroid state in female adolescents with irregular menses.

To identify hemostatic and metabolic abnormalities in patients with hypothyroidism of varying severity and duration and possible modifying effects of chronic hyperglycemia on the investigated parameters comprehensive analysis of the parameters of metabolism, platelet and plasma hemostasis in 69 patients with hypothyroidism and 36 patients having hypothyroidism and diabetes mellitus (DM) has been performed. Decompensated hypothyroidism regardless of disease duration and presence of complications is accompanied by platelets hyperfunction. In subcompensated hypothyroidism the aggregation activity was not changed. The combination of type 2 diabetes in patients with decompensated and subcompensated hypothyroidism is accompanied by platelets activation, hypertriglyceridemia, increased platelets average volume and shortening of APTT.