Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is a basic method of morphological diagnostics at the preoperative examination, although it has some limitations. In 10-30 % of the cases, cytological examination results defined as indefinite or suspicious to malignant nodules, including follicular neoplasm, as according to the results of a cytological examination it does not appear to be possible to make the difference between follicular attendance the molecular markers adenomas and follicular cancer. Molecular medicine progress let us put an additional examination in a cytological, or surgical aspirates with the molecular markers. The most effective molecular markers in the clinical practice are thyroid peroxidases (TPO), telomerase and galectin-3. The application FNAB with the following immunocytochemistry examination in the thyroid tissue let us improve a differential diagnostics between benign and malignant nodules of the thyroid.

The aim of the study was to assess function of cardiovascular system in patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism (SH). We studied 30 women with SH in the age of 40-75 yr, and 20 euthyroid subjects. The average daytime systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in patients than in controls. The patients with SH had increase of average heart rate compared with the control group. The Doppler echocardiography showed that diastolic function was significantly impaired. To assess the thyroid function we studied medical history of 107 patients with atrial fibrillation. The prevalence of thyrotoxicosis in patients with atrial fibrillation was higher than in subjects without them. Serum level TSH level should be measured in all patients with atrial fibrillation.

Two groups of adolescents similar on age and gender were included in the study. The diet of the adolescents in the group 1 (n = 51) was corrected by addition of Natrium selenate 20 μg within 12 weeks. The group 2 consists of 27 persons who received a usual domestic meal. 15 adolescents (29.4%) of the group 1, and 9 (33.3%) of the group 2 have goiter. We revealed statistically significant rT3 fall in group 1 (р < 0.01). Statistically significant FT3 fall in group 2 after research was marked (р = 0.012). All of the findings (TSH, FT4, FT3, rT3) in two groups were within the reference limits. We revealed statistically significant but weak correlation between Se levels and FT3 levels (p = 0.034).

Introduction: The pathogenesis of Graves’ disease consists in production of stimulating antibodies against thyrotropin receptors (rTHS-AB). In the last decades two different assays for detection of rTHS-AB were introduced in clinical practice: I-st (with animal antigen) and Il-nd generation (with human antigen) assays. Design: 44 patient with hyperthyroidism (age 52.0 [34.0; 64.0] years; 42 women) were enrolled in the study. 29 of them have hyperthyroidism due to Graves’ disease (GD), 15 due to multinodular toxic goiter (functional autonomy of the thyroid; FA). rTHS-AB in all the patients were detected by two methods: I-st (Medipan Diagnostica) and II-nd generation (BRAHMS). Results: The sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratio in the diagnostics of GD of the II-nd generation assay were higher than for the I-st generation assay for detection of rTHS-AB (93.1%, 94% and 15.5 vs. 75.9%, 80% and 3.8. Conclusion: II-nd generation assay (with human antigen) has superior value for the diagnostics of Graves’ disease.