The aim of this study was to investigate lipid and protein peroxidation in autoimmune thyroiditis (AT) and subclinical hypothyroidism (SH), as well as to evaluate its correlation for arterial stiffness and relationship to replacement treatment. Methods. The study included 85 women; 32 of them had no thyroid pathology (group 1, controls) and 53 had AT and SH (group 2). Free-radical protein and lipid oxidation (FRO), serum antioxidant activity (AOA), arterial elasticity parameters were investigated. In addition, we compared different categories of the patients included in group 2: patients having euthyroidism ( n = 18) and subclinical hypothyroidism ( n = 35); AT patients with TSH less ( n = 26)and not less ( n = 27) than the median of group values (∼ 6 mU/ml). In 33 patients the dynamic changes of FRO were reevaluated after 6–8 months of thyroxine replacement. Results. AT patients demonstrated higher oxidative protein modification rate (OMB) which was confirmed by 75% elevation of OMB 363nm index ( p = 0,049) and greater activity of lipid peroxidation (LPO) confirmed by 11% elevation of luminescence intensity index Imax ( p = 0,035) but no increase in AOA, catalase and superoxide dismutase activity ( p > 0,05). Oxidative stress severity was positively associated with TSH; dyslipidaemia had a stronger influence on oxidative stress. The proportions of women with relative disparity between elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) and depressed antioxidant activity (AOA), were significantly higher in AT and SH groups ( р < 0,05). The most significant difference between oxidative stress parameters was found among patients having TSH less and not less then 6 mU/ml. The subgroup with higher TSH was found to have higher indexes of endogenous intoxication and LPO products values (the increase of EI254nm, EI274nm, EI294nm, triene conjugates by 18%; 19%; 29% и 38% respectively, p <0,05). Oxidative stress can affect arterial stiffness and vascular remodeling. Levothyroxine activates pro- and antioxidants but antioxidants are more significantly involved, and balance can be improved. Conclusion. AT is accompanied by FRO activation, АОА depression, their imbalance and oxidative stress development. Significant correlations are observed for TSH, dislipidaemia and FRO. Oxidative stress demonstrates detrimental effects on arterial functions which may be partly reversed by replacement therapy. Levothyroxine activates pro- and antioxidants with the predominant positive effect on AOA.

Objective. To study the rate and structure of thyroid diseases in infertile women and to asses their reproductive system depending upon the thyroid pathology. Subjects and methods. The study was based on the results of screening of T status of 496 women with infertility (main group) and 80 fertile women (control group). Traditional methods of diagnosis of infertility were used along with special methods of investigation including assessment of function and structure of T (TTH, fT4, fT3, AT-TPO, AT-rTTH, ultrasound examination of T, thin-niddle aspirational biopsy, scintigraphy of T). A complex evaluation of the reproductive system status in infertile women was done depending on the type of T pathology. Results. Infertile women were found to suffer from thyroid dysfunction 3.8 times as more often as fertile ones (48% and 12.5%, p <0.05). Its structure included mainly AT-TPO carrier phenomenon in combination with ultrasound markers of thyroid autoimmunity (24%), hypothyroidism following thyroid autoimmunity (9.4%) demonstrating itself as clinical (0.8%), subclinical (8.6%), and euthyroid (7.8%) goiters. The portion of women with infertility and hyperthyroidism was small (0.6%). An association of thyroid autoimmunity with idiopathic infertility, endometriosis, endocrine infertility was found. Conclusion. It is necessary to perform a screening assessment of the function and structure of T in infertile women within diagnostic search for the reasons of infertility and in-time correction of the revealed thyroid dysfunction.

A comparative epidemiological analysis of patients with Graves’ disease (GD) and functional autonomy (FA), the thyroid gland in iodine deficiency region of Kabardino-Balkaria. The study included 168 patients with the syndrome of hyperthyroidism, from which, after the differential diagnosis of selected 65 patients with GD and 60 people with FA. Patients were divided by gender, age, area of residence (piedmont, mountains, plains). The peak of the disease accounts for GD, naturally, for 40–50 years, and FA-in older age groups – 60–70. The proportion of men is 24.6%, which reflects the relative rarity of GD males. Sensitivity of TBII is 96.9% and specificity, 91.6%. Given that some patients with FA is determined TBII (8.3%), the results can be interpreted only in conjunction with clinical data and instrumental methods.

The assessment of thyroid pathology incidence among Ozyorsk population, born in 1934-1963, who were exposed to technogenic radiation exposure in childhood, predominantly iodine-131, was performed based on the screening study of 12,504 individuals. The thyroid screening algorithm included examination by a physician, ultrasound screening, laboratory tests on hormonal status and autoimmunity, examination by an endocrinologist; council of physicians for verification of uncertain cases. The thyroid pathology was found in 34.4% of individuals from the study cohort. For the first time, 70.4% of all registered thyroid diseases were detected. The nodular goiter prevailed among other thyroid pathologies. The single-nodular goiter incidence was significantly higher than that of multinodular goiter, both for males and females. The incidence of thyroid pathology was significantly dependent on gender, attained age at the time of screening, and hereditary predisposition.

The article presents data on the observation of primary malignant lymphoma of thyroid diagnosed with autoimmune tireodit held after fine-needle biopsy. The patient was aged 78 years. Analyzed the clinical manifestations and diagnostic features.