Review of the official medical statistics on prevalence and incidence on thyroid diseases in Russia made me feel sad. Not because it is too bad or showing  trends that are threatening to public health. Sadly, this statistics is simply not trustworthy...

The article contains abstracts of actual modern international researches dedicated to management of various thyroid pathology and influence of accompanying states.

Aim:

in women with Hashimoto's disease (HD) we studied the clinical and some molecular genetic characteristics of the lipid profile.

Materials and Methods:

Subjects for this study included 109 women with HD. The average age of 57.2 ± 7.8 years, disease duration 8.0 ± 6.4 years, menopause duration 6.4 ± 3.5 years. Control group consisted of 85 women of similar age without thyroid pathology. Clinical and anthropometric data was collected from all participants. Whole blood samples were drawn in the morning after an overnight fasting for the measurement of serum TSH, free thyroxine (FT4), anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) levels, as well as lipid concentrations and glucose. In genetic research participated 441 women: 104 women with HD and 337 healthy women (control subjects). The genotype of the subjects for TaqIB polymorphism of CETP, rs320 (HindIII +/-) polymorphism of LPL, polymorphism of the coding portion of the gene APOE, rs2228314 (1784G/C) polymorphism of SREBF2 was analyzed by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.

Results:

Stratified by triglycerides (TG) level increased in subjects with HD and lowered levels of cholesterol of high density lipoproteins (HDL). Similar results were obtained when comparing the indexes of blood lipids in the group of women who have reached the level of TSH in the range of 0.4–2.5 mU/l on the background of ongoing substitution therapy with thyroid hormone. Not received the differences in the distribution of genotypes of the polymorphisms of the gene CETP Taq1B, rs320 LPL gene and ɛ2/ɛ3/ ɛ4 APOE gene, rs2228314 SREBF2 gene in the main and control groups. B1B1 TaqIB polymorphism of CETP of the main group had the higher levels of TG and BMI. ɛ3/ɛ4 APOE had the higher levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, cholesterol non-HDL in women with hypothyroidism.

Conclusion:

In women with compensated hypothyroidism TG levels above and below the level of HDL cholesterol compared to the control. Shown association of APOE and CETP gene with some lipids parameters.

Aim.

The aim of this work was to study the role of the neuron specific enolase during the endocrine ophthalmopathy and the formation of optic neuropathy.

Materials and methods.

The study 42 patients with EOC at the age of 41 (30; 47) years. It was 9 males (21%). The control group consisted of 15 healthy individuals matched by sex and age. The object of the study of blood serum and tear fluid. Measurement of NSE level was measured by ELISA CanAgNSEEJA. All persons included in the study was performed optical coherence tomography (OCT), ophthalmoscopes, perimetry. Statistical analysis of the data using the program Statistics 6.1.

Results.

An increase in the concentration of NSE in serum and lachrymal fluid of patients with endocrine ophthalmopathy, compared to healthy subjects.  It should be noted that the increase in concentration of the test marker was associated with disease severity - more severe cases, accompanied by a large concentration of NSE. In severe IC-threatening loss of the highest concentration of NSE detected in blood serum and in the tear fluid.

Conclusion.

An increase in the concentration of NSE in patients with IC in the blood to a greater extent in the tear fluid, depending on the severity o f the IC. These studies allow the NSE to regard as an early marker of neuronal tissue damage GO, before the typical clinical and instrumental signs of optic neuropathy.

Two female dizygotic twins with subclinical primary hypothyroidism due to homozygous p.R450H mutation in TSHR gene are presented. A 5-year follow-up in both cases showed no progression of thyroid dysfunction. Indications for levothyroxine replacement in subclinical hypothyroidism are discussed.

The article is dedicated to the discussion about part of American thyroid association guidelines for the management of thyroid nodules in children.

This report contains historical review of radioiodine therapy invention and clinical implementation for the treatment of patients with diffuse toxic goiter and differentiated thyroid cancer. In 1923 Henry Plummer has strongly recommended to prescribe stable iodine in patients with Grave’s diseases after surgery in order to prevent thyrotoxic storm. Radioactive isotopes of iodine for the first time were obtained by Enrico Fermi in 1934 in laboratory. Clinical implementation of radioiodine was started in 40^th years of past century. In 1940 experimentally have been shown that thyroid gland with Grave’s disease accumulated as much as 80% of radioiodine administered activity. Saul Hertz was the first physician who used radioactive iodine in January, 1941 with purpose to treat diffuse toxic goiter patients. Samuel Seidlin was first who used radioiodine in March, 1943 to treat patient with functioned differentiated thyroid cancer metastases. In Russia radioiodine treatment of patients started since 1982 in Medical Radiological Research Centre (former Institute of Medical Radiology), Obninsk.